{"id":4441,"date":"2026-10-15T21:27:06","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T18:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/?p=4441"},"modified":"2026-10-21T00:08:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T21:08:20","slug":"learn-industrial-automation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/learn-industrial-automation\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Learn Industrial Automation from Scratch: A Roadmap from Electricity to PLCs and Robots"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kb-post\" dir=\"rtl\">\n<div class=\"kb-answer\">\n<p><strong>Short answer:<\/strong> You can learn industrial automation from scratch in six stages, in this order: electrical and electronics basics, then sensors and actuators, then classic electrical control, then PLC programming, then HMI screens, SCADA systems and industrial networks, and finally variable frequency drives, servos and robots. You don't need a factory or a PLC to start, because you learn the first stages with Arduino and simulation, then move to factory tools once you understand the basics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Many people who want to learn industrial automation start at the end: they open TIA Portal, watch a Ladder tutorial, then quit a week later because they don't understand what the PLC is actually reading or what it is driving. That's why we wrote this roadmap in the order we actually see in factories, from wires and sensors to programming, screens and robots.<\/p>\n<h2>What is industrial automation?<\/h2>\n<p>Industrial automation means a production line or machine runs with as little human intervention as possible: the system measures what is happening with sensors, the controller decides what to do, the actuators carry out the decision, and the operator watches all of it from a screen. Industrial automation and automatic control cover everything from a single motor with a start\/stop button to a whole factory run by a network of controllers.<\/p>\n<p>To see the big picture, think of a factory as layers stacked on top of each other:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Field layer:<\/strong> sensors (temperature, pressure, proximity, level) and actuators (motors, valves, pneumatic cylinders).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Control layer:<\/strong> PLCs, variable frequency drives and servo drives, which read the sensors and make the decisions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supervision layer:<\/strong> HMI screens next to the machines, and SCADA systems that show the whole plant in the control room.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Management layer:<\/strong> production and planning systems that take data from the layers below.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This guide focuses on the first three layers, because they are what technicians and engineers work with every day.<\/p>\n<h2>Who works in industrial automation?<\/h2>\n<p>Before you start, know where you want to end up, because the path is the same at the beginning and branches out at the end:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Control and maintenance technician or engineer:<\/strong> diagnoses faults in panels, sensors and motors, and reads the PLC program to find where the machine stopped.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PLC programmer or automation engineer:<\/strong> writes control programs, commissions new machines and tests them with the customer.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SCADA and industrial networks engineer:<\/strong> connects devices together and designs monitoring and data acquisition screens.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Instrumentation engineer:<\/strong> selects and calibrates sensors, especially in oil, gas and petrochemicals.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robotics engineer:<\/strong> programs robot arms and integrates them into the production line.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The roadmap: 6 stages to learn industrial automation from scratch<\/h2>\n<p>The durations are estimates for someone studying a few hours a week, and they depend on your background. What matters is not skipping a stage, because each stage builds on the one before it.<\/p>\n<h3>Stage 1: Electrical and electronics basics<\/h3>\n<p>Start with voltage, current and resistance, then series and parallel circuits, then measuring with a multimeter. After that, learn the difference between direct and alternating current, and why factory control circuits usually run on <span dir=\"ltr\">24 V DC<\/span> while motors run at a higher voltage. Many people skip this stage, yet it is the reason some of them can program a PLC but don't know why the signal isn't reaching the input.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How do you learn it in practice?<\/strong> Arduino with simulation is the fastest way, because you see the effect of every idea immediately and at low cost. See <a href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/learn-arduino\/\">the roadmap to learn Arduino from scratch<\/a> if you are a complete beginner.<\/p>\n<h3>Stage 2: Sensors and actuators<\/h3>\n<p>Here you learn how the system \u201csees\u201d the world and how it \u201cmoves\u201d: digital sensors (on\/off) and analog sensors (a changing value), inductive and capacitive proximity sensors, temperature and pressure sensors, then motors, relays and valves. You also meet the <span dir=\"ltr\">4\u201320 mA<\/span>\u00a0signal, the common language of most measuring instruments in factories.<\/p>\n<p>Start with Arduino sensors to understand the idea, then move on to their industrial versions; the principle is the same, but the voltage, protection and ruggedness differ. Read <a href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/arduino-sensors\/\">Arduino sensor types and their uses<\/a> to get started.<\/p>\n<h3>Stage 3: Classic electrical control<\/h3>\n<p>Before the PLC, learn how machines were run with wiring: contactors, overloads, relays, timers and start\/stop buttons, motor starting circuits such as direct-on-line, reversing and star-delta, then reading electrical drawings. Why learn something \u201cold\u201d? Because every PLC panel in a factory is still full of these components, and Ladder logic itself was drawn in the shape of these circuits.<\/p>\n<p>Common mistake: jumping into PLC programming before understanding the classic control circuit. The result is a programmer who writes a correct program but doesn't know the overload has tripped, so he thinks the problem is in the code.<\/p>\n<h3>Stage 4: PLC programming<\/h3>\n<p>Now comes the programmable logic controller. First learn how a PLC is built: the CPU, the input and output modules, and the scan cycle. Then learn the standard programming languages of IEC 61131-3, mainly Ladder and FBD, then ST, which Siemens calls SCL. After that come timers, counters, comparisons and analog signal processing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Which brand should you choose?<\/strong> Choose what the job market around you asks for. In Saudi Arabia and the Gulf, Siemens (TIA Portal) and Rockwell Allen-Bradley are widely used in factories, so Siemens is a safe place to start. The good news is that the ideas are the same; whoever masters one brand moves to another in weeks.<\/p>\n<p>If you are coming from Arduino, read <a href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/arduino-vs-plc\/\">Arduino vs PLC<\/a> to see what carries over and what changes.<\/p>\n<h3>Stage 5: HMI screens, SCADA systems and industrial networks<\/h3>\n<p>Once your program works, the operator needs to see the machine and control it. Here you learn to design HMI screens next to the machine (in the Siemens world, with WinCC inside TIA Portal), then SCADA systems that collect data from the whole plant and display alarms and trends. You also need to understand how devices talk to each other: networks such as Profinet, Modbus and EtherNet\/IP, and an IP address for every device.<\/p>\n<h3>Stage 6: Variable frequency drives, servos and robots<\/h3>\n<p>The last stage is advanced motion: variable frequency drives (VFDs) to control motor speed and save energy, then servo motors for precise motion in filling, packaging and cutting, then industrial robot arms and how to integrate them with the PLC. From here the path branches into machine vision, predictive maintenance and AI in factories.<\/p>\n<h2>Summary table: the six stages at a glance<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Stage<\/th>\n<th>What you learn<\/th>\n<th>Approximate time<\/th>\n<th>What you practice with<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1. Electricity and electronics<\/td>\n<td>Voltage, current and resistance; series and parallel; measuring<\/td>\n<td>1\u20132 months<\/td>\n<td>Arduino, Tinkercad simulator, multimeter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2. Sensors and actuators<\/td>\n<td>Digital and analog; proximity and temperature sensors; relays and motors; <span dir=\"ltr\">4\u201320 mA<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1\u20132 months<\/td>\n<td>Arduino sensors, then their industrial versions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3. Classic control<\/td>\n<td>Contactors, overloads and timers; motor starting circuits; reading drawings<\/td>\n<td>2 months<\/td>\n<td>Control circuit simulator, training panel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4. PLC programming<\/td>\n<td>PLC structure; Ladder, FBD and SCL; timers and counters; analog signals<\/td>\n<td>2\u20133 months<\/td>\n<td>TIA Portal with the PLCSIM simulator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5. HMI, SCADA and networks<\/td>\n<td>Screen design, alarms, Profinet and Modbus<\/td>\n<td>2 months<\/td>\n<td>WinCC inside TIA Portal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6. Motion and robots<\/td>\n<td>Variable frequency drives, servos, robot arms<\/td>\n<td>Ongoing<\/td>\n<td>Robot simulators, projects at work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Do you need a real PLC to start?<\/h2>\n<p>No, at least not at the beginning. Siemens offers an official trial version of TIA Portal with the PLCSIM simulator, so you can write a program and test it on your computer without any hardware. There are also 3D simulators such as Factory I\/O that give you a virtual production line (conveyors, sensors and robots) to control with your program. Then, once you master the basics, buy the smallest used PLC or train on a panel at an institute, because touching real wires teaches you things that don't show up in simulation.<\/p>\n<p>Warning: avoid pirated copies of industrial software. They sometimes come with malware, you can't mention them on your CV, and the official trial versions are enough for learning.<\/p>\n<h2>Why start with Arduino if your goal is factories?<\/h2>\n<p>Because anyone who wants to learn industrial automation needs the same foundation first, and Arduino teaches it at low cost and without the fear of damaging expensive equipment: inputs and outputs, sensors, and the logic that connects them. A student who has built a small control system with Arduino understands the PLC scan cycle from the first lesson, because he has seen a loop running in front of him. That's why we designed the Kahrobot path to start with Arduino, then move to classic control, then PLC.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-engineer-note\">\n<p><strong>An engineer's view<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In factories, what sets a good engineer apart is not how many programs he has written, but how quickly he finds out why a machine stopped. That comes from the early stages: understanding the sensor, the wire and the contactor before the code. Don't rush into learning PLCs; build a solid foundation by learning the principles of automation, electronics and mechatronics, and you will learn programming much faster, because you will then think about the whole system, not just about writing code.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Industrial automation in Saudi Arabia: why now?<\/h2>\n<p>In July 2022, Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources launched the <a href=\"https:\/\/saudipedia.com\/ar\/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Future Factories Program<\/a>, which aims to move 4,000 factories from relying on large numbers of workers to automation and Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies. Every factory that makes this shift needs people to program, maintain and improve its machines. So learning industrial automation today is an investment in a skill that is in growing demand in the region, not just a hobby.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<h3>Do I need an engineering degree to work in industrial automation?<\/h3>\n<p>Not always. Many control and maintenance technicians come from technical colleges and institutes and reach PLC programming through experience. But an engineering degree opens the doors to design and project management faster.<\/p>\n<h3>How long does it take to learn industrial automation?<\/h3>\n<p>We estimate that most learners need 8 to 12 months of regular study to reach a level where they can write simple PLC programs and understand control panels. Mastery comes from working on real machines.<\/p>\n<h3>Should I start with classic control or go straight to PLC?<\/h3>\n<p>Start with classic control, even briefly. You will understand Ladder quickly because it is built on those circuits, and you will know how to diagnose faults in the panel the PLC is connected to.<\/p>\n<h3>Which PLC software should I learn first?<\/h3>\n<p>In Saudi Arabia and the Gulf, Siemens TIA Portal is a safe choice because it is widespread in factories, and it has an official trial version and a simulator. If the factory you are targeting uses another brand, the same concepts carry over.<\/p>\n<h3>Is industrial automation threatened by AI?<\/h3>\n<p>AI helps with writing code and analyzing data, but running a real machine, diagnosing a fault in an electrical panel and making a safety decision still need an engineer who understands the fundamentals. In fact, smart factories increase the need for people who understand all the layers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-cta\">\n<p><strong>Start your industrial automation path today<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Kahrobot path follows this same roadmap: Level 1 for electronics and Arduino, then sensors and IoT, then classic electrical control in Level 4, then PLC and HMI in Level 5, in Arabic and from an automation engineer. Start with the first two lessons for free, and join the waitlists to hear when the factory courses launch.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kb-btns\"><a class=\"kb-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/courses\/arduino-level-1\/lessons\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%88%d8%9f-%d9%88%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%8a%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%91%d9%84-%d8%a3%d9%81%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89\/\">Watch the first two lessons free<\/a><a class=\"kb-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/control-waitlist\/\">Classic electrical control course: waitlist<\/a><a class=\"kb-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/plc-waitlist\/\">PLC and HMI course in Arabic: waitlist<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kb-related\">\n<p><strong>Further reading<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/arduino-vs-plc\/\">Arduino vs PLC: when to use each one?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/learn-arduino\/\">Learn Arduino from scratch: the complete roadmap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/arduino-sensors\/\">Arduino sensor types and their uses<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kahrobot.com\/en\/arduino-simulator\/\">best free Arduino simulator<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kb-author\">By Eng. Rakan Khaled, an automation and industrial control engineer with 5+ years of factory experience, a master's in engineering, CMRP certification, and the founder of Kahrobot.<\/div>\n<p class=\"kb-updated\">Last updated: October 2026<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A practical roadmap to learn industrial automation from scratch in 6 stages: electricity, sensors, classic control, PLC, HMI screens and SCADA, then servos and robots, with the time and tools for each stage.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":4442,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-automation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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